Calculate axial stress, strain, and Young's modulus
Review material safety factors against yield strength, convert between MPa and psi, and check true...
Stress (σ) = Force ÷ Area; Strain (ε) = ΔL ÷ L; Young’s Modulus E = σ ÷ ε
Young's Modulus (E) measures the stiffness of a solid material. It defines the relationship between stress (force per area) and strain (deformation) in the linear elastic region. Formula: E = Stress / Strain.
Stress is the internal force applied per unit area (measured in MPa or psi). Strain is the dimensionless deformation ratio — change in length divided by original length. Stress causes strain; the ratio between them is the material stiffness (Young's Modulus).
Safety Factor = Yield Strength / Applied Stress. A safety factor of 2.0 means the material can handle twice the applied load before permanent deformation. Enter your material yield strength and applied stress in this calculator to check the safety margin.
Engineering stress uses the original cross-sectional area (constant). True stress uses the actual (instantaneous) area, which decreases as the material necks under tension. True stress is always higher than engineering stress beyond the elastic limit. Advanced mode in this calculator shows both.
Axial stress equals force divided by cross-sectional area (σ = F / A). For a 10,000 N load on a 100 mm² bar, the stress is 100 MPa. Enter the applied force and the cross-section dimensions above and the calculator returns stress in MPa or psi, then derives strain once you add Young’s Modulus.
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Stress & Strain Calculator
Calculate mechanical stress, strain, and Young's modulus for engineering materials. Includes safety factor analysis.